What are lone pair electrons and bonding pair electrons?
Lone pair electrons and bonding pair electrons are two types of electrons that participate in chemical bonding.
Bonding pair electrons are the electrons that are shared between two atoms in a covalent bond. They are also known as shared electrons because they are shared by two atoms to form a chemical bond. Bonding pair electrons are usually represented as a line or a dash between the two atoms.
Lone pair electrons, on the other hand, are electrons that are not involved in bonding and are not shared between two atoms. Instead, they belong to a single atom and occupy a specific orbital. Lone pair electrons are also called non-bonding electrons or unshared electrons. They are represented as dots around the atom in a Lewis structure.
The presence of lone pair electrons and bonding pair electrons affects the shape, polarity, and reactivity of a molecule. The lone pair electrons on an atom can influence its shape by repelling other electrons and causing the bonding electrons to be closer together. The bonding pair electrons determine the strength of the bond and its polarity, which determines the molecule's reactivity.
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